Baby Mantis Shrimp Perceive UV Light Like Their Parents

The first documentation of UV vision in any larval stomatopod is in the larval Caribbean rock mantis shrimp, pictured above.

Dr. Marisa McDonald

There is more to mantis shrimp than meets the eye. They pack a punch, decimating their prey using deadly strikes. And they can dazzle the world with their cute googly eyes.

The world looks colorful to our eyes with only three color receptors — red, green, and blue. But for a mantis shrimp, a small marine crustacean with 12 color receptors, it looks quite vibrant. Adult mantis shrimp’s sophisticated eyes on stalks perceive visible, ultraviolet (UV), and also polarized light — useful for their mating and territorial behaviors. Their visual abilities have even inspired imaging technology to detect cancer. Impressive for a 10 cm long crustacean.

But in their tiny (~0.3 cm) larval form, mantis shrimp are transparent with simpler eyes. Turns out, the ‘simpler’ larval eyes are more like adult eyes than scientists had expected. These tiny larvae can detect UV light, too, according to a study in the Journal of Experimental Biology.

To test UV vision in live mantis shrimp larvae, scientists from the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa and the University of Delaware shined flashes of UV light on their eyes. Photoreceptors, the light-detecting cells in their retina, responded to the UV light. The scientists then checked whether the larvae expressed UV opsin genes. Opsins proteins capture light and in turn help send electrical signals to the brain.

Researchers found the larvae expressed the same three UV opsins also found in adult mantis shrimp. This confirmed UV vision in mantis shrimp larvae: tiny larval eyes with a mighty vision.

Why the larvae need UV vision is a mystery, as studying the transparent animals in their natural habitat is challenging. Scientists speculate it could help them during foraging. The larvae likely swim on the ocean’s surface at night and may move into deeper water during the day. During dawn and dusk, the skylight has more UV light against the open water background. So, larvae may use UV vision to detect smaller transparent prey on the ocean’s surface. Though larval mantis shrimp behavior remains elusive, their ultraviolet vision highlights the extraordinary visual adaptations of miniature marine creatures.

About the Author

Ravindra Palavalli Nettimi

Ravindra Palavalli Nettimi is a Project Specialist at the University of Tokyo where he writes press releases, produces podcasts, and creates social media content. His science writing has been published on CNN, BrainFacts.org, The Conversation, Robohub.org, and Australian Geographic, to name a few. To read more of his work, please visit his website.